This research was also made possible thanks to the financial support of the governments of france, korea, norway, sweden and the united states. Strategic management is a concept that has evolved over time and will continue to evolve. Porters subsequent book, competitive advantage 1985, which resonates more with the resource based view of the firm wernerfelt, 1984, attempts to explain. Industrial economics and industrial organisation provided the basis to develop strategic management theories in the 1950s.
In a world that is becoming ever more subject to change. The real accomplishment of a historian is to present the historical facts in a coherent way, by adding original explanation for why the facts occurred. Explain the setting in which management theory first developed. Military campaigns and battles are typically referred to in historical literature as largescale stratagems to confront and engage the enemy. History of management thought the evolution of management theory upon completing this chapter, you should be able to. Strategic management is the direct organizational application of the concepts of business strategy that have been developed in the academic realm. With a millen nium distancing the word from its origins, the word strategy has had several meanings but without ever losing its semantic roots.
The key concepts of the companies concerned the sources of sustained competitive advantage i. A brief history of the concept 8 a multiplicity of meanings assumptions and metatheories 20 strategists and stakeholders 26 the social web and the political process of strategy making 33 2 thinking and acting strategically 43 case study scenariothe ikea way 44 the distinction between strategic thinking, strategic management and. His book, strategic planning 2, is close to being a bible on the subject. Strategic planning is, in the military sense, an ancient science of warfare. The scientific approach taylor was the founder of the scientific approach to management, which focused on efficiency of movement and the task at hand. Introduction to management and leadership concepts. Theory and concept of sustainability and sustainable. Strategic management theories 2015 global journa1ls inc. Many authors have focused their attention on the concept of strategy but have failed to. A highly readable summary of major milestones in the development of management thought. Without the leadership provided by management, the resources of production remain resources and never become production.
The evolution of business strategy over the past 50 years has been significantly influenced by two general approaches. The history of strategic management 2012 book archive. A contemporary perspective kipkemboi jacob rotich1, moi university, school of human resource development, department of development studies, p. Evolution of strategic management from the 1950s to the. Historical development of the strategic management concept free download as pdf file. Strategic human resource management is an approach which relates to decisions about the nature of employment relationship, recruitment, training, development, performance management, reward, and employee relations. The chapter presents the origin of strategy and focuses on the historical development of. Structureconductperformance and the resourcebased approach. Introduction to sea history of development of strategic environmental assessment history of environmental assessment in the western countries began in 1969, with adoption of national environmental policy act1 by. Strategic planning is analytical in nature and refers to formalized procedures to produce the data and analyses used as inputs for strategic thinking, which synthesizes the data resulting in the strategy. Strategy the word strategy has so many meanings itself and all these meanings are useful, important and relevant to the people who. That is, strategic management entails the analysis of internal and external environments of a firrrm to maximize the utilization of resources in relation to objectives. The strategic development process is defined here to embrace the management processes that inform, shape and support the strategic decisions confronting an organisation.
Strategic management meaning and important concepts. Various attempts have been made towards tracing the historical development of. Much knowledge has been generated during the different phases of the development of the concept or discipline. Management history management oxford bibliographies.
The use of strategy has existed for many centuries although its use in management has a more recent history, dating back about 40 years. Strategic management is a continuum of successive stages such as. In sections 5 to 9, the mutual links among them are explored through selected contributions from available literature which focus on development issues. Concepts of strategic management presented by fred r.
It is management that regulates mans productive activities through coordinated use of material resources. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. What is strategic management, and why is it important. Structure, culture, resources missions, objectives, strategies, policies.
Historical development of the strategic management concept scribd. Critical approaches to strategic management 95 uses economic analysis of market failures to suggest how firms might seek abovenormal profits in less than competitive market segments. Introduction to management and leadership concepts, principles, and practices ing. According to tseng 83 and obembe 60, knowledge management in an organization begins by identifying the knowledge that individuals bring in from outside the company. Little that managers at all levels in an organization do falls outside the purview of the five management functions. Examples of planning are strategic planning, business planning, project planning, staffing planning, advertising and promotions planning. The historical development of the strategic management concept. In this case, the development of organizational strategy depends on understanding the. Accordingly, research on the strategic management has evolved in several ways by interconnecting with different disciplines. The chapter presents the concept of management and its relationship with strategy and.
Document resume ed 274 266 he 019 706 author chaffee, ellen earle. The purpose of this chapter is to explain the origins of strategic management. Readers get an intimate feel for the evolution of management theory through reading these original articles. The historical development of the strategic management. Learn all about management and business managementin this topic from the free management library.
Indeed, the view on the strategic management by a certain group of people is often shaped by the groups own functional heritage and disciplinary legacy mckiernan, 1996. In 1972 ansoff published the concept under the name of strategic management through a pioneering paper titled the concept of strategic management, which was ultimately to earn him the title of the father of strategic management. The major objective of this article is to see these historical developments which produced the emergence of strategic hrm and as well as different critics on the historical development. Understanding strategic management can benefit greatly by learning the lessons that ancient history and military strategy provide. Wiggins environmental scanning strategy formulation strategy implementation evaluation and control external. Strategic management is the continuous planning, monitoring, analysis and assessment of all that is necessary for an organization to meet its goals and objectives.
In the early stages of development, strategic management concepts revolved around microeconomics. Basic concepts of strategic management professor robert r. Strategic management theories global journals incorporation. Although strategic management as a field of study has developed mostly over the last century, the concept of strategy is much older. Universities contain many different fields of study, including physics, literature, chemistry, computer science, and engineering. Strategic management involves the related concepts of strategic planning and strategic thinking. Institution national center for higher education management. An organization is said to have competitive advantage if its profitability is higher than the average profitability for all companies in its industry. Historical evolution of strategic management, volumes i and ii. Pdf historical evolution of strategic management, volumes i and ii. Both perspectives were developed from leading academic centers and have managed to stand the test of time, albeit with occasional cosmetic changes. The historical deveiopment of the strategic i\lanagement concept jeffrey bracker georgia state university. Ebscohost serves thousands of libraries with premium essays, articles and other content including the historical development of the strategic management concept.
The term strategic management is used to denote a branch of management that is concerned with the development of strategic vision, setting out objectives, formulating and implementing strategies and introducing corrective measures for the deviations if any to reach the organizations strategic intent. Us 26 global journal of c omp uter s cience and t echnology volume xv issue i version i y ear h 201 from person to person or from task to task. The chapter concludes with a strategic management framework which explains the linkages between an organizations internal and external environment, its strategy, and its stakeholders. The history of strategic management can be traced back several thousand years. Strategic management is all about identification and description of the strategies that managers can carry so as to achieve better performance and a competitive advantage for their organization. Historical development of the strategic management concept. This paper examines the issue of the historical development of the knowledge dubbed strategic management.
The paper asserted the importance of strategic planning as a major pillar of strategic management but added a second. The complete concept of strategic management embraces a combination of strategic planning, planning of organizational capability and effective management of resistance to change, typically caused by strategic planning. The strategic hrm has been developed from different stages starting from personnel management and human resource management it has long historical development. Perspectives on strategic planning university of south. In this reading, we will discuss taylors management approach and other early management theories, and then move on to more modern approaches. Learning objectives at the end of the session you should be able to 1. However, strategic planning in the management and administrative context is a modern concept and process identifiable. Great wisdom about strategy can be acquired by understanding the past, but ignoring the lessons of history can lead to costly strategic mistakes that could have been avoided. In this article, i examine how the concept of strategy has evolved into the field of strategic management, a definition of strategic management is developed from commonalities of past definitions and a selected overview of approaches to operationalizing strategic management is presented.
Concepts by frank rothaermel free downlaod publisher. In its least appealing incarnation, history is about memorization of important events and their dates. Management theorists and practitioners may chose one or two of the five functions as most important, but this is not borne out normatively. This chapter provides an overview of the theories and concepts of sustainability and sustainable development and their anticipated links to global environmental, economic, and social crises. The historical development of the strategic management discipline. The latter is often referred to as a management development program. The history of strategic management mastering strategic. European journal of business and strategic management. The concept of business strategy started out as business policy, a term still in widespread use at business schools today. Strategic management is a field of study, academic discipline and a business area.
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